full article https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32216524/

Effects of strength training on physical fitness and sport-specific performance in recreational, sub-elite, and elite rowers: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Dirk Thiele 1, Olaf Prieske 2, Helmi Chaabene 1, Urs Granacher 1
Affiliations

Abstract

The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to examine the effects of strength training (ST) on selected components of physical fitness (e.g., lower/upper limb maximal strength, muscular endurance, jump performance, cardiorespiratory endurance) and sport-specific performance in rowers. Only studies with an active control group were included if they examined the effects of ST on at least one proxy of physical fitness and/or sport-specific performance in rowers. Weighted and averaged standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were computed to identify effects of ST type or expertise level on sport-specific performance. Our analyses revealed significant small effects of ST on lower limb maximal strength (SMD = 0.42, p = 0.05) and on sport-specific performance (SMD = 0.32, p = 0.05). Non-significant effects were found for upper limb maximal strength, upper/lower limb muscular endurance, jump performance, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Subgroup analyses for ST type and expertise level showed non-significant differences between the respective subgroups of rowers (p ≥ 0.32). Our systematic review with meta-analysis indicated that ST is an effective means for improving lower limb maximal strength and sport-specific performance in rowers. However, ST-induced effects are neither modulated by ST type nor rowers’ expertise level.

Abbreviations: CON: control group; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient; CRE: cardiorespiratory endurance; F: female; IG: intervention group; INT: intervention group; M: male; Sets: number of sets per exercise; SMD: standardized mean differences; SMDwm: weighted mean SMD; ST: strength training; RCT: randomized controlled trial; Reps: repetitions; RM: repetition maximum; TF: training frequency (times per week); TI: training intensity (eg., % of 1 repetition maximum); TP: training periods (weeks).

Keywords: Resistance training; athletic performance; oarsmen; on-water performance; plyometric training; race time.

 

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“Our systematic review with meta-analysis indicated that ST is an effective means for improving lower limb maximal strength and sport-specific performance in rowers. However, ST-induced effects are neither modulated by ST type nor rowers’ expertise level.”

In a meta analysis to examine the effects of strength training in rowers, the study wished to examine the effectiveness with all levels of competition. Likely the original hypothesis was that higher level competitors would benefit more overall from strength training.

What the study did show was that all levels benefit from strength training, though strength training levels and ability levels, program types varied. They all worked to a similar degree overall. The were measure on various strength and sports performance metrics common to all athletes as well.

What the take home message means… Strength training is not specific to competitive or elite level rowing or sports in general. All level of competition would benefit from all metrics of strength and power training. This would likely transfer to all levels of training and other sports as well. Perhaps, even more to a degree of correlation of performance would be shown in land based sprinting, speed and agility sports.

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